GWERS 12

CYFLWYNYDD:  BASIL DAVIES

NOD:      Trafod arian.

	Geirfa

		arian				-	money			pres (GC)		-	money
		ceiniog (b)		-	penny			punt (b)			-	pound
		ceiniogau		-	pennies			punnau			-	pounds
		dimai (b)			-	ha' penny		dyled (b)			-	debt
		gwasanaeth		-	service			pris				-	price
		cylchgrawn		-	magazine		cylchgronau		-	magazines

		fforddio			-	to afford			gwario			-	to spend
		talu (am)			-	to pay (for)		hala (DC)		-	to spend
		ymdopi			-	to cope			

		drud 				-	expensive		rhad				-	cheap
		newydd sbon	-	brand new		ofnadwy			-	terribly

RHAN 1

	1.	ceiniog	-	penny

		'ceiniog' is feminine so the feminine forms 'dwy', 'tair' and 'pedair' must be used

				ceiniog 
				dwy geiniog 		
				tair ceiniog 
				pedair ceiniog

		Remember the Aspirate Mutation in feminine words after 'chwe'. The final 
		consonant (ch) on 'chwech' drops off in front of a noun.

				chwe cheiniog			chwe phunt

		The final consonant (p) also drops off 'pump'also in front of a noun

				pum ceiniog				pum punt

	2.	Between 11 and 20, try to use the 'traditional' numbers - although the simpler 		ones are quite acceptable

				11c	-	un geiniog ar ddeg  		(un deg un ceiniog)
				12c	-	deuddeg ceiniog 		      (un deg dau ceiniog)
				15c	-	pymtheg ceiniog 		      (un deg pump ceiniog)	
				17c	-	dwy geiniog ar bymtheg     (un deg saith ceiniog)
				18c	-	deunaw ceiniog                    (un deg wyth ceiniog)
				20c	-	ugain ceiniog                        (dau ddeg ceiniog)

	3.	Over 20, you'll find it easier to use the 'simple' form of counting

				34c	-	tri deg pedair ceiniog
				56c	-	pum deg chwe cheiniog
				78c	-	saith deg wyth ceiniog
				27c	-	dau ddeg saith ceiniog
				45c	-	pedwar deg pum ceiniog
				99c	-	naw deg naw ceiniog	

		But the traditional forms of the 'tens' are quite easy 			
			
				20c	-	ugain ceiniog  			(dau ddeg ceiniog)
				30c	-	deg ceiniog ar hugain  	(tri deg ceiniog)
				40c	-	deugain ceiniog  		(pedwar deg ceiniog)
				50c	-	hanner can ceiniog        (pum deg ceiniog)																					

	4.	punt (b)	-	pound

		Again, we must use the feminine forms of 2,3 and 4 with 'punt' 

				punt 
				dwy bunt 
				tair punt 
				pedair punt

		And again, between 11 and 20 especially, do try to use the more 					traditional way of counting

				£11	-	un bunt ar ddeg  		    (un deg un punt)
				£12	-	deuddeg punt 			    (un deg dau punt)
				£15	-	pymtheg punt 			    (un deg pum punt)
				£17	-	dwy bunt ar bymtheg       (un deg pum punt)
				£19	-	pedair punt ar bymtheg    (un deg naw punt)

	
		And again the traditional forms of the'tens' are easy 
						
				£20	-	ugain punt			 	  ( dau ddeg punt )		
				£40	-	deugain punt			  ( pedwar deg punt)			
				£50	-	hanner can punt	        ( pum deg punt)
				£60	-	trigain punt                      ( chwe deg punt)
				£80	-	pedwar ugain punt	        ( wyth deg punt)

	5.	cant	-	hundred

		'cant' is masucline, so we say 

				dau gant
			      tri chant
				pedwar cant

		We can add the word 'pounds' in one of 2 ways - by adding the singular 
		word 'punt' or by adding the plural 'o bunnau'.

				£200	-	dau gan punt		or		dau gant o bunnau
				£300	-	tri chan punt		or		tri chant o bunnau
				£400	-	pedwar can punt	or		pedwar cant o bunnau
				£500	-	pum can punt		or		pum cant o bunnau
				£600	-	chwe chan punt		or		chwe chant o bunnau	
				£700	-	saith can punt		or		saith cant o bunnau
				£800	-	wyth can punt		or		wyth cant o bunnau
				£900	-	naw can punt		or		naw cant o bunnau

		Notice that like 'pump' and 'chwech', the final consonant drops off 'cant' 
		when it  is followed by a noun.

				can punt

RHAN 2

	1.	mil 	-	thousand					miloedd	  -	  thousands

		'mil' is feminine so we must say

				dwy fil
				tair mil
				pedair mil

	When we add the word 'pounds', we always use 'o bunnau' with numbers 
	over a thousand.
		
				£1000		-	mil o bunnau
				£2000		-	dwy fil o bunnau
				£3000		-	tair mil o bunnau
				£4000		-	pedair mil o bunnau
				£10,000	-	deng mil o bunnau

				£15,000	-	pymtheng mil (un deg pum mil) o bunnau
				£20,000	-	ugain (dau ddeg) mil o bunnau
				£30,000	-	deng mil ar hugain (tri deg mil) o bunnau
				£40,000	-	deugain  (pedwar deg) mil o bunnnau
				£50,000	-	hanner can (pum deg) mil o bunnau
				£60,000	-	trigain (chwe deg) mil o bunnau
				£70,000	-	deng mil a thrigain (saith deg mil) o bunnau
				£80,000	-	pedwar ugain (wyth deg) mil o bunnau
				£90,000	-	naw deg mil o bunnau
				£100,000	-	can mil o bunnau

		Notice how 'deg' and pymtheg' change in front of the consonant 'm'

				deng mil				pymtheng mil

	2.			Faint yw / ydy'r tß?				-		How much is the house?
			
				Faint oedd y car?				-		How much was the car?
		
				Oedd e'n ddrud?				-		Was it expensive?
				Roedd y car yn ddrud iawn.	-		The car was very expensive.

	3.			Faint daloch chi am y tß?		-		How much did you pay for the house?
				Faint dalodd Bill am y 			-		How much did Bill pay for the
				cylchgronau?							magazines?

	4.	gwario	-	to spend (money)			hala	-	to spend (money) D.C.

				Faint warioch / haloch chi?
				-  How much did you spend?

				Fe / Mi wariais  / halais i ddeg punt.
				-  I spent £10.

						
				Fe / Mi wariodd / halodd John lawer o arian ar y car.
				-  John spent a lot of money on the car.

		Notice that as always the object of a short verb mutates

				Fe / Mi wariais i ddeg punt.
				Fe halodd e lawer o arian.

	5.	fforddio	    -       to afford

				'Dw i'n gallu fforddio punt.
				-  I can afford £1.

				Faint o arian ydych chi'n gallu (ei ) fforddio?
				-  How much money can you afford?

				Rydyn ni'n gallu fforddio deng mil o bunnau.
				-  We can afford £10,000.

				Dydw i ddim yn gallu fforddio chwe phunt.
				-  I can't afford £6.

RHAN 3

	1.	the price of (the)...	  -	  pris (y) 

				the price of petrol				-		pris petrol
				the price of service				-		pris gwasanaeth

				the price of the petrol			-		pris y petrol
				the price of the service		-		pris y gwasanaeth	

			
		It is a temptation for learners to translate literally and say

				the price of...		-		 y pris o...

		This is quite wrong.  You do not need to translate 'the' or 'of'.

				Beth ydy pris galwyn o betrol?
				-  What's the price of a gallon of petrol?

				Beth oedd pris y tß?
				-  What was the price of the house? 
	
				Beth fydd pris y tocynnau?
				-  What will the price of the tickets be?

	2.	The same rule applies no matter what the noun is, of course

				the cost of insurance				-		cost yswyriant
				the capital of Wales				-		prifddinas Cymru
				the land of my fathers				-		gwlad fy nhadau
				the land of (the) song				-		gwlad y g‰n
				The National Library of Wales	-		Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru
				The National Museum of Wales	-		Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Cymru
				the author of the novel			-		awdur y nofel
				the corner of the street			-		cornel y stryd
				on the top of Everest				-		ar ben Everest
				on the summit of Snowdon		-		ar gopa'r Wyddfa
				at the bottom of the hill			-		ar waelod y bryn
				the first day of (the) Spring		-		dydd cynta'r Gwanwyn
				the last day of the month			-		dydd ola'r mis

	3.	Idiomau a dywediadau

			dimai goch						-			brass farthing
			cael deupen llinyn ynghyd	- 			to make ends meet
			arian cochion					-			copper
			arian gleision					-			silver
			arian sychion					-			hard cash
			am bris yn y byd				-			for love or money	  						
			Si™n llygad y geiniog			-	    		(1) a person who sees every 																	opportunity for making 																	money
													  		 (2) a person who is carful with 																money.

	4.	Diarhebion

			I'r pant y rhed y dùr.
			- To the hollow runs the water.

			O geiniog i geiniog yr ‰'r arian yn bunt. 
			- Penny by penny the money becomes a pound.