GWERS 15

CYFLWYNYDD:   CENNARD DAVIES

NOD:	Dysgu sut i holi'r ffordd.

	
	Geirfa

		agosaf			-	nearest				hawdd				-	easy
		lwcus				-	lucky					prysur				-	busy
	
		cangen (b)		-	branch				tùr					-	tower
		adeilad			-	building				tafarn (b)				-	public house
		marchnad (b)	-	market				gorsaf (b)			-	station
		problem (b)		-	problem				tro					-	turning

		ymlaen			-	on, forward			nes cyrraedd		-	until you reach
		yn union			-	exactly				o'ch blaen			-	in front of you
		yn syth ymlaen	-	straight on			cyfarwydd ‰			-	familiar with
		eto				-	again					gan fod				-	because
		
		gyferbyn ‰		-	opposite				y drws nesaf i		-	next door to			ar hyd			-	along					ar waelod			-	at the bottom of
		yng nghanol	-	in the middle of	heibio i				-	past
		mor bell ‰		-	as far as				yn ymyl / ger		-	near 
		wrth				-	by

		Swyddfa'r Cyngor	-	The Council Office(s)
		Neuadd y Dref		-	The Town Hall

	RHAN 1	

		1.	Rhoi Cyfarwyddiadau      -      Giving Instructions/Directions
		
			When speaking to a stranger, commands always end in -wch

				Esgusodwch  				-		Excuse 
				Cerddwch 					-		Walk
				Trowch 						-		Turn 
				Trowch 						-		Turn 

				Stopiwch					-		Stop
				Arhoswch					-		Stop
				Daliwch 						-		Keep 
				Cymerwch					-		Take
				Ewch							-		Go
				Peidiwch ‰ (ag)				-		Don't

	2.		Esgusodwch fi, ble mae'r orsaf?
			-  Excuse me, where's the station?

	3.	heibio i     -     past

			Cerddwch heibio i'r eglwys.
			-  Walk past the church.

			Ewch heibio i'r dafarn.
			-  Go past the pub.

	4.	mor bell ‰   (cyn belled ‰)      -      as far as

			Ewch mor bell ‰'r siop fara.
			-  Go as far as th baker's.

			Cerddwch cyn belled ‰'r eglwys.
			-  Walk as far as the church.

	5.	i'r dde     -     to the right				i'r chwith     -     to the left
				
			Trowch i'r dde gyferbyn ‰'r eglwys.
			-  Turn right opposite the church.

			Trowch i'r chwith ar waelod y stryd.
			-  Turn left at the bottom of the street.

	

	6.	Peidiwch     -     Don't

		To be grammatically correct, '‰' follows 'Peidiwch' and it causes an Aspirate 
		Mutation.

			Peidiwch ‰ throi wrth yr eglwys.
			-  Don't turn by the church.

			Peidiwch ‰ cherdded heibio i'r orsaf.
			-  Don't walk past the station.
		
		But it is perfectly acceptable to leave out '‰', thus avoiding the mutation.

			Peidiwch troi wrth yr eglwys.
			Peidiwch cerdded heibio i'r orsaf.

RHAN 2

	1.	cyntaf     -     first	

		'cyntaf'  follows the noun. 

			y tro cynta' ar y chwith		-	the first turning on the left
			y tß cynta' ar ™l y farchnad 	-	the first house after the market

		'cyntaf' undergoes a Soft Mutation after a feminine, singular noun

			y stryd gynta' ar y dde			-	the first street on the right
			y siop gynta' ar y dde			-	the first shop on the right

	2.	ail     -     second

		'ail' stands in front of the noun. It always causes a Soft Mutation.

			yr ail dro ar y dde				-	the second turning on the right
			yr ail dß yn y stryd				-	the second house in the street
			yr ail dafarn ar y chwith		-	the  second pub on the left

	

	3.	trydydd / drydedd     -     third

		'trydydd / drydedd' stands in front of the noun.

			y trydydd tro ar y dde 		-	the third turning on the right
			y trydydd tß yn y stryd		-	the third house in the street

		'drydedd' is used in front of a feminine noun and it causes a Soft Mutation

			y drydedd orsaf o'r dre		-	the third station from the town
			y drydedd  gangen				-	the third branch

	4.	cymryd       -      to take				Cymerwch!       -      Take!
																						
			Cymerwch yr ail dro ar y chwith. 
			-  Take the second turning on the left.

	5.	Pa?    -    Which?

		This comes immediately before the noun and causes a Soft Mutation.

			Pa dre'?		-	Which town?			Pa dro?	-	Which turning?
			Pa gangen?	-	Which branch?			Pa gloc?	-	Which clock?

	6.	o'ch blaen (chi)    				-   		  in front of you
		
			Mae'r farchnad o'ch blaen (chi).
			-  The market is in front of you.

		yn union o'ch blaen (chi)		-		  immediately in front of you

			Mae'r orsaf yn union o'ch blaen (chi).
			-  The station is immediately in front of you.

RHAN 3

	1.	Defnyddio berfenw      -       using the verb noun
																			
			Turn to the right and walk straight on
			- Trowch i'r dde a cherddwch yn syth ymlaen.

		This is the normal translation.  BUT when it is obvious who is undertaking 		the action of the verb (it has probably been established in the earlier form), 		then a verb-noun can be used instead of the personal form of the verb.  So, 		the above sentence could be translated thus:

			Trowch i'r dde a cherdded yn syth ymlaen.

		Here are some more examples:
			Mair went to town and (she) bought a new dress.
			-  Fe aeth Mair i'r dre' ac fe brynodd hi ffrog newydd.
		      -  Fe aeth Mair i'r dre a phrynu ffrog newydd.

			He kicked the ball and (he) broke the window.
			-  Fe giciodd e'r b�l ac fe dorrodd e'r ffenest.
			-  Fe giciodd e'r b�l a thorri'r ffenest.

			I wake up at 7 o'clock and (I) read the paper.
			- 'Dw i'n deffro am 7 o'r gloch a 'dw i'n darllen y papur.
			- 'Dw i'n deffro am 7 o'r gloch ac yn darllen y papur.

	2.	Idiomau a dywediadau 

			O bell ffordd.			
			-  By far / by a long way.

			Rhoi (rhywun) ar ben y ffordd.
			- To show (someone) the way.   (literally or figuratively).

			Mynd allan o'i ffordd.  (o fy ffordd / o'ch ffordd / o'n ffordd / o'u ffordd )
			- To go out of his/her way. (of my way / of your way / of our way / of their 
			   way).

			Mae rhaid i fi ei throi hi.
			-  I must  leave / go / set off.
	
			Does dim ots.					
			-  It makes no difference / it doesn't matter.
						
			Diolch o galon.					
			-  Thanks a million.
	
			Peidiwch ‰ s™n.	Roedd hi'n bleser.
			-  Don't mention it. It was a pleasure.

	

3.	Diarhebion

		Rhaid cropian cyn cerdded.
		-  Don't walk before you can run.
		   ( One must crawl before one walks)

		Dangos llwybr i gyfarwydd.
		-  Teaching your grandmother to suck eggs.
		    ( Showing the way to one who is familiar with it.)