GWERS 16

CYFLWYNYDD:   BASIL DAVIES

NOD:      Prynu pethau

	Geirfa

	siec (b)	-	cheque		carden gredyd (b)	-	credit card
	anrheg(ion)	-	present(s)		cerdyn credyd	-	credit card
	tei (b/g)	-	tie			barn (b)		-	opinion
	lliw		-	colour

	talu am	-	to pay for		chwilio am		-	to look for
	talu ‰		-	to pay with by	gweddu i		-	to suit
	gweld	-	to see			ffitio			-	to fit
	mynegi	-	to express		piau			-	to own
	
	drud		-	expensive		rhad			-	cheap
	rhesymol	-	reasonable		perffaith		-	perfect
	hallt		-	salty

	rhy		-	too			o lawer		-	by far
	llawer rhy	-	far/much too	tipyn o bopeth	-	a bit of 												  everything

	hwn (g)	-	this			hwnna (g)		-	that
	hon (b)	-	this			honna (b)		-	that
	y rhain	-	these			y rheina		-	those

RHAN 1

	1.   chwilio am     -     to look / search for

			Am beth rydych chi'n chwilio?
			-  For what are you looking?

			'Dw i'n chwilio am got newydd.
			-  I'm looking for a new coat.

	2.	yn ddrud     -     expensive, dear		yn rhad     -     cheap

			Oedd y car yn rhad?  -  Nac oedd, roedd e'n ddrud iawn.
			 -  Was the car cheap? -  No, it was very expensive.

 
	3.	yn rhy ddrud / rhad     -     too expensive / cheap

			Mae'r sgert 'ma' n rhy ddrud.
			-  This skirt is too expensive.

		o lawer     -     by far

			Mae'r sgert 'ma'n rhy ddrud o lawer.
			-  This skirt is too expensive by far.

		yn llawer rhy...     -     much / far too...

			Mae'r sgert 'ma'n llawer rhy ddrud.
			-  This skirt is much / far too expensive.

	4.	hwn     -     this (masculine object)		hon     -     this (feminine object)

			Faint ydy hwn?
			-  How much is this?  ( a masculine object  e.g. 'crys', 'car', 'llyfr' )

			Faint yw hon?
			 -  How much is this?  ( a feminine object  e.g. 'sgert', 'siaced', 'cot', )

	5.	y rhain     -     these			y rheina     -     those

			Ydy'r rhain yn ddrud?
			-  Are these expensive?

			Faint ydy'r rheina?
			-  How much are those?
			
			Pwy biau'r rhain / rheina?
			-  Who owns these / those?
			    ( Whose are these / those ?)

	6.	Ga(f) i?     -     May I?

		Followed by a verb  (which undergoes a Soft Mutation)		

			Ga' i dalu ‰ siec?  -  Wrth gwrs!
		         -  May I pay by cheque?  -  Of course!

			Ga' i dalu ‰ cherdyn credyd?
			-  May I pay by credit card?

	7.	Ga(f) i?     -     May I have?

		Followed by a noun (which undergoes a Soft Mutation). There is no need to add 
		the verb 'cael'. It is understood. Don't be tempted to say  'Ga' i gael..."
	
			Ga' i ddau kilo o datws, os gwelwch yn dda?
			-  May I have two kilos of potatoes, please?

			Ga' i grys a thei newydd?
			-  May I have a new shirt and tie? 

	8.	barn     -     opinion                               mynegi barn     -     to express an opinion

			Beth ydy'ch barn (chi) am y 'sgidie (esgidiau) 'ma?
			-  What is your opinion of these shoes?

			'Dw i ddim yn gallu mynegi barn .
			-  I can't express an opinion.

RHAN 2

	1.	Faint y.....?     -     How much a / per.....?

			Faint y kilo ydy'r afalau?
			-  How much a kilo are the apples?

			Faint y litr ydy petrol yn Ffrainc?
			-  How much a litre is petrol in France?

	

	2.	Faint yr un.....?     -     How much each.....?

			Faint yr un ydy'r orennau?
			-  How much each are the oranges?

			Faint yr un ydy'r platiau 'ma?
			-  How much each are these plates?

			Faint yr un ydy'r rhain / rheina?
			-  How much each are these / those?

	3	gweddu i...     -     to suit... 

				i fi 			i ni
				i ti			i chi
				i Tom / Mair		iddyn nhw
				iddo fe/fo
				iddi hi

			Ydy hon yn gweddu i fi?  ( 'het'  -  feminine )
			-  Does this suit me?

			Mae hwnna'n gweddu'n berffaith iddo fe.   ('crys'  -  masculine )
			-  That suits him perfectly. 

			Doedd y lliw ddim yn gweddu iddi hi o gwbl.
			-  The colour didn't suit her at all.

			Wyt ti'n meddwl bod y rhain yn gweddu i fi?
			-  Do you think (that) these suit me?

	4.	Object pronouns

		When the object of a 'long' verb is a pronoun, notice the pattern in Welsh.

			Dydy'r 'sgidie 'ma ddim yn fy ffitio i.	-	These shoes don't fit me.
			Dydy'r sgidie 'na ddim yn dy ffitio di.	-	Those shoes don't fit you.
			Dydyn nhw ddim yn ei ffitio fe / hi.	-	They don't fit him / her.
			Maen nw'n ein ffitio ni.			-	They fit us.
			Ydyn nhw'n eich ffitio chi?		-	Do they fit you?
			Mae'n nhw'n eu ffitio nhw.		-	They fit them.

RHAN 3

	1.	i     -     for (a person)

			'Dw eisiau prynu anrheg i Mary.
			-  I want to buy a present for Mary. 
			   ( I want to buy Mary a present)

			Wyt ti wedi prynu rhywbeth iddi hi?
			-  Have you bought something / anything for her?
			   (Have you bought her something / anything?)

		'am' can sometimes be used to convey 'for' - when used after certain verbs
		e.g. 'talu am' ('to pay for), 'chwilio am' (to look for),'galw am' (to call for).
		But unless you know that 'am' must follow the verb, use 'i' to convey 'for a person'.
		
		If you use 'am'instead of 'i' the meaning is quite different.
 
			Mae hwn i fy ngwraig.
			-  This is for my wife.

			Mae hwn am fy ngwraig.
			-  This if for (i.e. in exchange for) my wife!!!

	2.	Idiomau a dywediadau

			yn werth pob ceiniog		-		worth every penny
			talu'n hallt am...			-		to pay dearly for....
			talu trwy fy nhrwyn		-		to pay through the nose  (me)
			talu trwy dy drwyn		-		to pay through the nose  (you)
			talu trwy'i drwyn			-		to pay through the nose (him)
			talu trwy'i thrwyn			-		to pay through the nose (her)
			talu trwy'n trwynau		-		to pay through the nose (us)
			talu trwy'ch trwynau		-		to pay through nose (you)
			talu trwy'u trwynau		-		to pay through the nose (them)

	

	3.Diarhebion

			Nid aur yw popeth melyn.	
			-  All that glisters is not gold.
			   ( Judge not by appearances)
			   
			Nid wrth ei big mae prynu cyffylog.
			-  Judge not by appearances.
			   ( One doesn't buy a woodcock by looking at its beak)