GWERS 4	

CYFLWYNYDD:   CENNARD DAVIES

NOD:        Trafod y teulu ac aelodau'r teulu eto.

       Geirfa
   
		rhieni	-	parents	tad(au)	-	father(s)
	mam(au) (b)	-	mother(s)	mab	-	son
	merch(ed) (b)	-	girl(s), daughter(s)	meibion	-	sons
	chwaer (b)	-	sister	brawd	-	brother
	chwiorydd (b)	-	sisters	brodyr	-	brothers
	cyfnither(od) (b)	-	female cousins(s)	cefnder(wyr)	-	male cousin(s)	modryb(edd) (b)	-	aunt	ewythr(od)	-	uncle(s)
	mam-gu	-	grandmother	tad-cu	-	grandfather
	nain GC	-	grandmother	taid GC	-	grandfather
	hen fam-gu/nain	-	great grandmother	hen dad-cu/daid	-	great grandfather
	wyres(au)	-	grandaughter(s)	ùyr(ion)	-	grandson(s)		nith(od)	-	niece(s)	nai (neiaint)	-	nephew(s)		wyrion	-	grandchildren	ùyr(wyrion)	-	grandson(s)
	tylwyth	-	family, clan	wyrion	-	grandchildren
	
	yng nghyfraith	-	in law	doniol	-	amusing

RHAN 1

	1.   Sawl? 	 -	How many?

                      Always followed by the singular form of the noun.

			Sawl brawd sy' ganddi hi ('da hi)?
			- How many brothers has she got?

			Sawl chwaer sy' 'da chi (gynnoch chi)?  -  Does dim un chwaer 'da fi.
			- How many sisters do you have?  -  I don't have one sister.

			Sawl ùyr oedd 'da Tom (gan Tom)?
			- How many grandsons did Tom have?

			Sawl cyfnither oedd 'da hi (ganddi hi)?
			- How many (female) cousins did she have?

        2.   Faint o...?	   -	How many?  or  How much?

	            When followed by the plural form of the noun it means 'How many?'

			Faint o blant sy' 'da ti (gynnot ti)?
			- How many children do you have?
			
			Faint o wyrion oedd 'da Tom (gan Tom)?
			- How many grandsons did Tom have?

		When followed by the singular form of the noun it means 'How much?'

			Faint o fara oedd 'da ti (gynnot ti)?
			- How much bread did you have?

			Faint o siwgr wyt ti (ei) eisiau?
			- How much sugar do you want?

       3.   Dysgwch:

                                      gen i            	gynnon ni
	gen ti  	gynnoch chi
	gan Tom / Mair	ganddyn nhw
	ganddo fo/fe	
	ganddi hi  

RHAN 2

        1.   Notice how all the following are followed by 'o' and a plural noun

	llawer o	  -		many / a lot of
	nifer (fawr) o	  -		a (large) number of
	ychydig o	  -		a little / a few
	ychydig iawn o	  -		very little / very few
	un neu ddau /ddwy o		-  		one or two

         2.   cyfarwydd ‰              -              familiar with / acquainted with 

	Ydych chi'n gyfarwydd ‰ mab Tom?
	-  Are you acquainted withTom's son?

	Ydy Gareth yn gyfarwydd ‰ Llundain?
	-  Is Gareth familiar with London?

               Remember that '‰' is followed by an Aspirate Mutation 
              (expect with a person's name).

	'Dw i ddim yn gyfarwydd ‰ chefnder Tom.
	-  I'm not familiar with Tom's cousin.

               Remember also that '‰' becomes 'ag' in front of a vowel.
               
	Doedd hi ddim yn gyfarwydd ag Aberd‰r.
	-  She wasn't familiar with Aberdare.

               When used in front of a verb noun it conveys 'used to'

	Ydy Bob yn gyfarwydd ‰ cherdded?
	-  Is Tom used to / familiar with walking?

RHAN 3

       1.    yn ™l      -        according to

	Yr Efengyl yn ™l Matthew.
	-  The Gospel according to Matthew.
	Yn ™l y Western Mail.....
	-  According to the Western Mail.....
	Yn ™l y newyddion heddiw.......
	-  According tothe news today......
	Yn ™l brawd Ann......
	-  According to Ann's brother.....
	Yn ™l mab y dyn drws nesa'.....
	-  According to the son of the man next door....

		

					 

      2.     newydd      -       just / recently

                       'newydd' takes the place of 'wedi'  in past tense sentences and it is never
                        possible to say 'newydd wedi'
                        
	Maen nhw wedi mynd.      -    They have gone.
	Maen nhw newydd fynd.  -     They have just gone.

                         It causes a Soft Mutation.

	Mae'r tr�n newydd ddod.
	'Dw i newydd brynu ffrog newydd.
	Rydyn ni newydd werthu'r tß.
	Mae e newydd briodi.
	Mae hi newydd farw.

        3.     unig        -         only / lonely

                         When 'unig' precedes a noun, it means 'only'

                          It causes a Soft Mutation.

	Mae Jack yn unig blentyn.
	-  Jack's an only child.
	 Rwyt ti'n unig blentyn.
	-  You're an only child.
	Mae hi'n unig ferch.
	-  She's an only daughter.
	Yr unig reswm 'dw i yma ydy i siarad Cymraeg.
	-  The only reason I'm here is to speak Welsh.
	Dyna'r unig ateb i'r broblem.
	-  That's the only answer to the problem.
	Ni ydy'r unig rai sy'n dysgu Rwsieg.
	-  We are the only ones who are learning Russian.

                           When 'unig' follows the noun it means 'lonely'

	Mae e'n byw mewn tß unig.
	-  He lives in a lonely house.
	Roedd e'n fachgen unig.
	-  He was a lonely boy.

                            Notice the difference in the use of 'unig' in this sentence:

	Er ei fod e/o'n unig blentyn, doedd e/o ddim yn blentyn unig.
	-  Although he was an only child, he wasn't a lonely child.

         4.     Idiomau a dywediadau

	gwaetha'r modd	-	worse luck
	erbyn hyn	-	by now
	sefyll arholiad	-	to sit an examination

         5.     Diarhebion

	Yr hen a ùyr a'r ifanc a dybia.
	-  The old know and the young think (they know)

	Mam esgud a wna ferch ddiog.
	-  A quick (efficient) mother makes a lazy daughter.