Catchphrase 2001: Wythnos 34

Week 34, Monday.  Today, you'll learn:

oes, ydy, anrheg, diolch, plantos, cryf, hwn, Siôn Corn

This week we're going to remind ourselves of the difference between oes and ydy with lots of examples. As you know, both oes and ydy ask a question. Oes means ‘is there?’.  Oes cadair yn yr ystafell? - (Is there a chair in the room?) Oes - (Yes), or Nac oes - (No). Ydy means is. Ydy’r gadair yn gryf? - (Is the chair strong?) Ydy - (Yes), or Nac ydy - (No). 

Both oes and ydy are used in sentences expressing possession as well. Remember in Welsh we say something is with someone to say they have it? Oes llyfr gyda chi? - (Have you got a book?), literally ‘is there a book with you?’. You could also say: Ydy’r llyfr gyda chi?, but that would mean ‘Have you got the book?’, literally ‘is the book with you?’. 

One other point: We’ve seen how you have to say siarad  or siarad â, literally ‘speak with’, when you speak to someone. When you say something to someone, you must use the word wrth. Dweud wrth rywun - (say to someone). A couple of new words: cryf - (strong). Mae’n gryf - (It’s strong). Plant, as we already know, is children. Plantos is a more familiar form and is often used to address very young children - a bit like saying kids. 

Today, we’re in the ysgol feithrin - (the nursery school) with Catrin. She’s invited Siôn Corn - (Santa) to come and speak to the children.

Listen to the dialogue:
Catrin - Iawn, blant, dyma Siôn Corn. Helo Siôn Corn...
Plant - Helo, Siôn Corn!
SC - Helo, blantos. Nawr te, Mrs Lloyd, oes cadair yma?
Catrin - Oes. Dyma un.
SC - Diolch. Ydy hi¹n gryf?
Catrin - Ydy. Brian, wyt ti eisiau dweud helo wrth Siôn Corn?
Brian - Helo.
SC - Helo, ‘na, Brian. Beth wyt ti eisiau yn anrheg Nadolig?...Dwyt ti ddim yn gwybod? Oes cardiau Pokemon gyda ti gartref?...Oes? Wel, ydy hwn gyda ti?...Nac ydy? Dyna i ti anrheg, te.
Brian - Diolch.

Siôn Corn asks Catrin, Oes cadair yma? - (Is there a chair here?) Ydy hi’n gryf? - (Is it strong?) Catrin asks Brian, Wyt ti eisiau dweud helo wrth Siôn Corn? - (Do you want to say hello to Santa?) 
What does Santa always ask children? Beth wyt ti eisiau yn anrheg Nadolig? - (What do you want for Christmas?) Nadolig - (Christmas). The answer doesn’t seem to be forthcoming, so Siôn Corn asks Oes cardiau Pokemon gyda ti gartref? - (Have you got Pokemon cards at home?) The answer is Oes - (Yes). Ydy hwn gyda ti? - (Have you got this one?) Hwn means this one. Ydy hwn gyda ti? - (literally is this one with you?) And the answer - Nac ydy - (No). That sorts the present question out then: Dyna i ti anrheg - (There’s a present for you). And like all well brought up children, the boy answers Diolch - (Thank you). 

Week 34, Tuesday.  Today, you'll learn:

ydy, oes, rhagor, amser cinio, o’r diwedd, papur, rheswm

We’re concentrating on the difference between Oes and Ydy this week. Remember, Oes is used to refer to something unspecific: Is there a? or Is there any? or Is there some? Oes llyfr ar y silff? - (Is there a book on the shelf?) Oes rhagor? - (Is there any more?) Rhagor means more. Oes rhagor? - (Is there any more?) Oes bwyd yn y cwpwrdd? - (Is there some food in the cupboard?) It can be used with possession as well. Oes arian gyda chi? - (Have you got any money?)  Ydy refers to specific things: ydy hwn gyda ti? - (Have you got this one?) Ydy’r car yn y garej? - (Is the car in the garage?) 

Some new words and phrases for you: o’r diwedd - (at last). Remember amser means time, so amser brecwast - (breakfast time), amser cinio - (lunch time). Papur is the word for paper, but it can also mean banknote, papur pum punt - (a five pound note). We heard hwn yesterday - (this one). Hwnnw means that one. Ceffyl - (horse). 

See if you can hear the real reason why Guto wants to borrow money from Bethan.

Listen to the dialogue:
Bethan - O’r diwedd, amser cinio.
Guto - Yy, Bethan, oes papur deg punt gyda ti?
Bethan - Nac oes, mae arna i ofn / mae’n flin gyda fi.
Guto - Roedd un gyda ti y bore ‘ma. Ydy hwnnw gyda ti?
Bethan - O, ydy, sori... Ond pam wyt ti eisiau fe?
Guto - Does dim arian gyda fi, dyna i gyd, anghofiais i fynd i¹r banc.
Bethan - Ond pam mae eisiau arian arna ti? Ydy dy ginio di ddim gyda ti 	heddiw?
Guto - Ydy.
Bethan - Beth ydy’r rheswm, te? 
Guto - Wel, mae ceffyl da yn rhedeg heddiw, ac ro’n i eisiau...
Bethan - Aa, dw i’n gweld!

Did you hear Bethan drag the real reason out of Guto? Bethan says: o’r diwedd, amser cinio - (at last, lunch time). Oes papur deg punt gyda ti? Guto asks - (have you got a tenner?) Nac oes, mae’n flin gyda fi - (No, I’m sorry). Bethan can¹t get out of it as easily as that - roedd un gyda ti y bore ‘ma - (you had one this morning). Ydy hwnnw gyda ti? - (have you got that one?) But why does Guto want the money? Does dim arian gyda fi, dyna i gyd - (I haven’t got any money, that’s all). Ond pam mae eisiau arian arnat ti? - (but why do you need some money?) Ydy dy ginio di ddim gyda ti heddiw? - (Have you got your lunch today?)  Beth ydy’r rheswm? - (what is the reason?) Mae ceffyl da yn rhedeg heddiw - (there’s a good horse running today). So that was the real reason. 

Week 34, Wednesday.  Today, you'll learn:

oes, ydy, coleg, am wn I, astudio, noswaith dda, cwrs, cyrsiau, cymhwyster, nyrsio 

Prynhawn da, sut ‘dych chi? Oes car gyda chi? I’m sure you know what that means - (have you got a car), literally is there a car with you? So what does this mean: Ydy’r car gyda chi? - (have you got the car?) or literally is the car with you? So the opening word of the question can make all the difference to the meaning. Let’s try another one. Coleg is the word for college. So what does this mean: ydy’r coleg ar agor? - (Is the college open?). Now contrast that with: oes coleg ar agor? - (is there a college open?) 

Let’s remind ourselves of some greetings. Prynhawn da is, of course, good afternoon. Bore da - (good morning). Nos da - (good night). And one that you’ll hear in today’s dialogue, noswaith dda [gan bwysleisio’r dd] - (good evening). Cwrs is, not surprisingly, the Welsh word for course - cyrsiau are courses. A related word: cymhwyster - it’s what you get if you follow a course, a qualification. And what do you do on a course? Astudio - (to study). 

Rhys comes in after a day at work, and he doesn’t sound too happy. Can you work out what he wants to do?

Listen to the dialogue:
Catrin - Noswaith dda! Sut mae’r job?
Rhys - Eitha da.
Catrin - Oes hiraeth arnat ti am yr ysgol?
Rhys - Nac oes...Ond, Mam, ydy’r coleg ar agor ar hyn o bryd, wyt ti’n meddwl?
Catrin - Nac ydy
Rhys - Iawn...Oes cyrsiau yn y coleg ar nyrsio, wyt ti’n meddwl?
Catrin - Nyrsio? Oes, am wn i. Mae llawer o gyrsiau gyda nhw.
Rhys - Dw i ddim yn hoffi’r job yma. Dw i eisiau cymhwyster. Dw i eisiau mynd i’r coleg i astudio nyrsio.

Rhys wants to astudio nyrsio - (study nursing). He’s obviously not happy with his job in the supermarket. His mother asks him, sut mae’r job? - (how’s the job?) Eitha da, says Rhys - (alright). Then Catrin asks, oes hiraeth arnat ti am yr ysgol? - (do you miss school?) Rhys says he doesn’t, but he doesn’t sound that convincing. Ydy’r coleg ar agor ar hyn o bryd? - (is the college open at the moment?) Oes cyrsiau yn y coleg ar nyrsio? - (are there courses in the college on nursing?) Oes, Catrin replies, am wn i - (as far as I know). Mae llawer o gyrsiau gyda nhw - (they’ve got lots of courses). Dw i ddim yn hoffi’r job yma, Rhys admits - (I don’t like this job). Dw i eisiau cymhwyster - (I want a qualification). Dw i eisiau mynd i’r coleg i astudio nyrsio - (I want to go to college to study nursing). 

Week 34, Thursday.  Today, you'll learn:

nage, dw i newydd ddechrau, pwy 

Do you remember the word nage? Nage is the word for no when you¹re not replying to a word like ydy, oes, or oedd. Let’s look at an example. Oedd Rhys yn hoffi gweithio? - (Did Rhys like working?) Nac oedd - (no, he didn’t). Ydy Rhys yn hoffi gweithio? - (Does Rhys like working?) Nac ydy - (no, he doesn’t). Oes job gyda Rhys? - (Has Rhys got a job?) Nac oes - (no, he hasn’t). But then if you are answering a question word like Pwy? - (who?), you use nage. Pwy? Guto? - (Who? Guto?) Nage, Rhys - (No, Rhys). There’s an example of nage in today’s conversation, see if you can work out why it’s used instead of ydy or oes. 

Before that, let’s remind ourselves of some vocabulary which you've heard before. Cyfweliad is a word we had some time ago - (interview). Dw i newydd ddechrau - (I’ve just begun). You can use this construction with any verb, but remember to mutate the verb. Dw i newydd godi - (I’ve just got up). Dw i newydd ddysgu Cymraeg - (I’ve just learnt Welsh). 

Listen to the dialogue:
Guto - Bore da, Rhys.
Rhys - Bore da.
Guto - Rwyt ti’n mynd i fod yn hwyr i’r gwaith.
Rhys - Does dim brys arna i.
Guto - Pam?
Rhys - Mae cyfweliad gyda fi heddiw.
Guto - Cyfweliad gyda pwy? Y bos?
Rhys - Nage. Mae cyfweliad gyda fi yn y coleg. Dw i’n mynd yn ôl i’r coleg.
Guto - Y coleg! Esgyrn Dafydd, ‘achan! Rwyt ti newydd ddechrau yn dy job di. Does dim cywilydd arnat ti? Mae job yn bwysig, Rhys. Pan o’n i’n 	ifanc...

Did you hear why Rhys said Nage? He tells his father, mae cyfweliad gyda fi heddiw - (I’ve got an interview today). Guto is surprised to hear this - he thought Rhys had a nice and secure job. Cyfweliad gyda pwy? - (Interview with who?) Y bos? - (the boss?) Guto answers Nage - (no). In other words, no, not the boss. If he had answered nac ydy, it would mean, no he isn’t. Or nac oes - (no, there aren’t). When Rhys comes in for breakfast at first, Guto says, rwyt ti’n mynd i fod yn hwyr i’r gwaith - (you’re going to be late for work). He’s surprised to find Rhys so relaxed. Does dim brys arna i - (I’m not in a hurry). Pam? - (why?) We know why, of course. Guto is not impressed. Rwyt ti newydd ddechrau yn dy job di - (you’ve just started in your job). Does dim cywilydd arnat ti? - (aren’t you ashamed?) Mae job yn bwysig - (a job is important). Pan o’n i’n ifanc... - (When I was young…). Rhys can hear a lecture coming!

Week 34, Friday.  Today, you'll learn:

digon o gemau, go iawn
 
We’ve been looking at the difference between oes and ydy this week. Oes llawer o geir? - (are there a lot of cars?) Ydy’r ceir yn y garej? - (are the cars in the garage?) The answer, of course, is oes or ydy, or nac oes or nac ydy, depending on the question. 

Oes and ydy can also be used when confirming or denying a statement. Mae llawer o geir - (there’re a lot of cars). Oes - (yes, there are). Mae’r car yn y garej - (the car is in the garage). Ydy - (yes, it is). Listen out for examples of this in today’s conversation. 

You¹ve heard just about all today's key words before at some point. Go iawn means real: job go iawn - (a real job). Remember the word digon - it means enough. Digon o geir - (enough cars). The word ‘o’ normally mutates the following word, but we don’t usually mutate the word gem - (game) - because it could cause confustion. Gemau - (games), so digon o gemau - (enough games). 

All is not well in the Lloyd household this evening: Guto has just found out that Rhys wants to take a course in nursing.

Listen to the dialogue:
Guto - ...Nyrsio, Catrin, nyrsio! Mynd i’r coleg i astudio nyrsio! Mae eisiau job ar y bachgen, Catrin, job go iawn. 
Catrin - Ond Guto, mae llawer o jobiau mewn nyrsio.
Guto - Oes. Ond dim i fechgyn! O, mae’r bai arna i.
Catrin - Nac ydy, dydy e ddim...
Guto - Dw i ddim wedi mynd â fe i ddigon o gemau rygbi.
Catrin - Paid â bod yn sili, Guto. Mae eisiau llawer o nyrsys y dyddiau ‘ma, mae’n job da. Mae e’n mynd i gael cymhwyster.
Guto - Ydy, ond dw i’n mynd allan. Dw i’n mynd i gael peint!

Guto is not impressed with the idea of nursing. Mynd i’r coleg i astudio nyrsio! - (going to college to study nursing!) Mae eisiau job go iawn ar y bachgen - (the boy needs a real job). Catrin says, mae llawer o jobiau mewn nyrsio - (there are lots of jobs in nursing). Oes, Guto says - (yes there are). Ond dim i fechgyn! - (but not for boys!) Mae’r bai arna i - (I’m to blame), literally the blames on me. So Catrin says, Nac ydy - (literally, no it isn’t) or in this context - (no you’re not to blame). But then Guto explains what he’s getting at: dw i ddim wedi mynd â fe i ddigon o gemau rygbi - (I haven’t taken him to enough rugby games). Paid â bod yn sili, Guto - (don’t be silly, Guto). Mae eisiau llawer o nyrsys y dyddiau ‘ma - (lots of nurses are needed these days). Mae’n job da - (it’s a good job). Mae e’n mynd i gael cymhwyster - (he’s going to get a qualification). Ydy - (yes he is) agrees Guto, ond dw i’n mynd allan (I’m going out).